The most common eye injuries at work
22/01/2025
21/01/2025
Eye infections are common conditions that can range from mild to severe. They may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or even parasites. In many cases, infections present with symptoms such as redness, pain, itching, discharge, or blurred vision. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications, including corneal damage, vision loss, or even blindness.
One of the most frequent eye infections is conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye." This condition affects the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner eyelids. Conjunctivitis can be viral, bacterial, or allergic. Viral conjunctivitis, often caused by adenoviruses, is highly contagious and is typically accompanied by watery discharge, itching, and sometimes respiratory symptoms such as a sore throat or fever. In contrast, bacterial conjunctivitis is characterised by thicker, yellowish or greenish discharge and is also contagious, but it usually responds well to antibiotic treatment.
Another common infection is keratitis, which affects the cornea, the transparent central part of the eye. Keratitis may be caused by bacteria, viruses (such as herpes simplex), fungi, or even protozoa, such as Acanthamoeba, which is linked to improper contact lens use. Symptoms include intense eye pain, blurred vision, light sensitivity, and redness. In severe cases, keratitis can scar the cornea and permanently impair vision if not treated promptly.
Blepharitis is an infection that impacts the edges of the eyelids where eyelashes grow. This condition can result from bacteria or ectoparasites such as Demodex mites. Symptoms include redness, itching, crusting around the eyelashes, and a sensation of having a foreign body in the eye. While blepharitis does not typically threaten vision, it can be uncomfortable and may require long-term management.
Fungal infections are less common but can be severe. They are more prevalent among contact lens users or individuals with weakened immune systems. Fungal keratitis, for example, often occurs following trauma to the cornea involving plant material such as branches or grass. Symptoms include redness, pain, discharge, and light sensitivity. If untreated, these infections may result in vision loss.
Parasitic infections, although rare, can also affect the eyes. Ocular toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one example. This infection can damage the retina and cause vision loss, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
Preventing eye infections involves regular handwashing, proper contact lens hygiene, avoiding sharing makeup products, and seeking medical attention at the first sign of eye irritation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoiding serious complications.
Dr Victor Charoenrook, ophthalmologist at the Barraquer Ophthalmology Centre