Changes in vision during pregnancy: causes and care

28/03/2025

Pregnancy is a period of major physiological changes that affect various systems of the body, including vision. Although some women may not experience any alterations or may only notice mild changes, others may face temporary visual problems or, in some cases, more serious issues that require medical attention.

Common changes in vision during pregnancy

One of the most frequent changes is a variation in visual prescription, which can cause difficulty focusing properly. This is due to fluid retention, which affects the curvature of the cornea and intraocular pressure. In most cases, these changes are temporary and vision returns to normal after childbirth.

Another common symptom is dry eye, caused by hormonal fluctuations that affect tear production. This can lead to:

• Discomfort or irritation.
• A gritty sensation in the eyes.
• Increased sensitivity to light.

The use of artificial tears recommended by a specialist can help relieve these symptoms.

In addition, some women may experience increased sensitivity to light, which could be related to changes in eye pressure or the cornea. This can cause visual discomfort and, in some cases, headaches in brightly lit environments.

Eye conditions worsened by pregnancy

In some cases, pregnancy can worsen pre-existing eye problems or be a risk factor for certain visual conditions.

Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy

Women with gestational diabetes or type 1 or 2 diabetes must undergo strict medical monitoring, as pregnancy can accelerate the progression of diabetic retinopathy. This condition affects the blood vessels in the retina and can cause vision loss if not properly treated.

Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension
These conditions can affect vision and cause symptoms such as:
• Blurred or distorted vision.
• Flashes of light or floaters.
• Temporary loss of vision.
These symptoms may be due to inflammation of the optic nerve or changes in ocular blood circulation. In such cases, it is essential to consult a specialist immediately.

Care and recommendations

If a pregnant woman notices changes in her vision, it is essential that she consults an ophthalmologist to assess whether it is a temporary alteration or a more serious condition.

Advice for maintaining good visual health during pregnancy:
• Have regular eye check-ups.
• Stay well hydrated to avoid dry eye.
• Follow a balanced diet rich in antioxidants.
• Use artificial tears if necessary.
• Avoid prolonged screen exposure and protect yourself from intense light.

In most cases, visual changes disappear after childbirth and do not require specialised treatment. However, if there are severe symptoms such as sudden vision loss, intense eye pain or persistent flashes of light, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

In conclusion, pregnancy can cause various changes in vision, many of them temporary and mild. However, in more serious cases, it can be an indicator of underlying conditions that require specialised care.

Leading a healthy lifestyle and attending regular medical check-ups will help minimise the effects of pregnancy on vision and ensure the wellbeing of both mother and baby.

If you experience visual changes during pregnancy, consult a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Dr. Alberto Lozano, ophthalmologist at the Barraquer Ophthalmology Centre