Iris surgery: advances and applications

24/12/2024

Iris surgery is an ophthalmological procedure performed to treat a variety of conditions related to this part of the eye. The iris is a circular structure that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. Any damage or alteration to the iris can affect both visual function and the aesthetic appearance of the eye. In this context, iris surgery has evolved to address different conditions.

Indications for iris surgery

There are various conditions that may require iris surgery, including:

• Trauma or iris injuries: Accidents or injuries can cause tears in the iris, affect its position, or even lead to partial or total loss of the structure. Surgical repair is essential to restore functionality and appearance.
• Aniridia: The congenital or acquired absence of the iris can be treated with artificial iris implants. This improves visual quality by reducing sensitivity to light (photophobia) and provides a more natural appearance.
• Functional issues: Some patients have defects in the iris, such as dysfunctional or decentred pupils, which can be corrected through surgery to optimise vision.

Types of procedures

Iris surgery may include:

• Reconstructive sutures: Used to repair tears or reposition the damaged iris.
• Artificial iris implants: Made from biocompatible silicone, these implants recreate the appearance and function of the iris in cases of aniridia or severe injuries.
• Laser repair: In certain minor cases, laser treatment is used to correct small irregularities in the iris.

Benefits and risks

Advances in ophthalmological technology have made iris surgeries more precise and safer. The benefits include improved visual quality, reduced sensitivity to light, and aesthetic restoration. However, like any surgical procedure, it also carries risks, such as infections, inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, and damage to nearby structures such as the crystalline lens or cornea.

It is essential that these surgeries are performed by highly trained specialists and that each case is evaluated individually. Modern techniques, such as microsurgical sutures and the use of state-of-the-art devices, have minimised complications, but proper evaluation remains crucial to determine the feasibility of the procedure.

Dr Jose Lamarca, ophthalmologist at the Barraquer Ophthalmology Centre